The main elements that have colourblindness compensation are the economy panel (in game: Settings/HUD Panels/Economy) which changes the income and spending bars from red/green to blue/yellow, and the team colours (in game: Settings/Interface/Team Colors), which provides options to change the team colours to various presets, most notably an orange/teal setup.
There is a setting in game that simulates colourblindness across the entire rendered image, but it's kinda limited in usefulness.